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under Major ffrench-Mullen. Captain Moule will be second in command of the entire force, and in the event of any casualty to Major ffrench-Mullen, will take command. In the event of any casualty incapacitating Mr. Hertz from carrying on the duties of civil officer, the military officer in command of the escort will carry on these duties until relieved.
5. For the actual conduct of the military operations, Major ffrench-Mullen alone will be responsible.
6. The escort will proceed from Myitkyina to Seniku, and from Seniku to Makawng, and will leave there the party to guard the rationing base. Thence it will proceed via Htawgaw to Hpare and thence to Pienma, halting at these places. Mr. Hertz will visit the villages in the vicinity as far as the watershed on the east, and as far as appears advisable on the north, in order to carry out the objects of the tour detailed in paragraph 2. He will then return to Htawgaw and thence proceed to Mangpyaw and Hpala, halting at these and other convenient centres. If it is found at Hpala that the Chinese have actually erected a boundary post there, it will be destroyed, and steps will be taken to dispel the impression produced by the visit of the Chinese. From Mangpyaw Mr. Hertz will visit the villages on both sides of the Ngawchawng Kha up to the vicinity of its junction with the 'Nmaikba, and will finally proceed to Chiglai. The escort will then return to the ration base at Makawng and thence by leisurely marches to Myitkyina, halting at Chiglai and Matao, for the purpose of visiting the villages on the Chipwi Kha and in the Tammu valley.
7. The tour is estimated to take 126 days, and a provisional itinerary is annexed. Mr. Herts has full discretion to depart from this if he considers it advisable, but should arrange to arrive back at Myitkyina before end of April 1911.
8. The objects of the tour are, as stated in instruction 2, to bring the tract under administration, to make the people understand that they are now under British rule, and to eject therefrom all persons assuming authority derived from any claim that the tract is Chinese territory. The utmost care must be taken to avoid hostilities with the local inhabitants, who, it is believed, will welcome the visit and desire that British authority be established. In the action to be taken against persons claiming to occupy the tract on behalf of the Chinese Government, Mr. Hertz will be guided by circum- stances. It is essential that, if possible, these persons should be induced to retire, Mr. Hertz should endeavour to effect this in the first instance peaceably, but if they refuse to go he must eject them from British territory by show of force, or, if necessary, by employing force, unless they are in occupation in such strength that the attempt is likely to end in disaster. If the persons in occupation on behalf of China are merely local levies, there will probably be no difficulty. If a small detachment of Chinese
regulars is present, it will probably retire when requested to do so. In the event of the Chinese forces being too strong to make it safe, in the opinion of the military officer commanding the escort, to attempt to enforce the orders even with the help of the supporting column, Mr. Hertz should report to the commissioner after taking such precautions for the safety of the party as the military officer in command of the escort may advise. It is unlikely that the escort will be attacked by a superior force, but as a measure of precaution a wing of a native regiment will be stationed in Seniku, in readiness to enter the tract and render such assistance as may be necessary.
9. It is possible that objectious to pay tribute will arise. In that case the civil officer should deduct the amount from payments due on account of coolie hire, supplies, &c., explaining his action clearly to the people; if necessary, he may take tribute in the form of cattle, to be valued by a committee of the local tribesmen subject to the approval of the civil officer. The objects of the tour this year are such that it is improbable that any other demand will be made which will not be complied with, but in the event of a refusal to furnish supplies or labour which the civil officer considers contumacious, he may take the former and impress the latter on payment of fair rates.
10. In the event of any attack on the escort or supporting party by the local inhabitants of the tract, besides such military measures as may be necessary, the capture or destruction of cattle and the destruction of crops and stores are among the means approved as punishments. In such a case all fire-arms should be confiscated and destroyed. If necessary, the houses of the chiefs and of two or three of the principal men may be destroyed. But the destruction of a village should not be allowed except on specific grounds of military exigency.
11. In order to ensure the permanency of British occupation, it is necessary to establish a military police post in the tract in question. Mr. Hertz will select a suitable position, probably at Htawgaw, and will there leave Mr. Scott as civil officer,
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and a post of 175 rifles with the necessary signallers. Captain as commandant of this post, with
will remain as his assistant commandant.
A small connecting post, consisting of 50 rifles under a native officer, will be similarly established a Makawng. The question whether these two posts must remain out during the rains, or can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and put out in the following open season, will await Mr. Hertz's report as to the attitude of the tribesmen and the Chinese in connection with his operations.
12. Mr. Hertz will keep the commissioner informed of his movements, and actions by weekly diaries, and, if feasible and necessary, by special messengers and helio communication combined with the telegraph. Major ffrench-Mullen will submit weekly diaries to the inspector-general of police, and will, if necessary, communicate with him by telegram on any matter of purely military concern,
13. The total number of days during which the party is estimated to be out is 126, but as information about the geography of the country and the routes is imperfect, it is probable that the escort will have to diverge from the route laid down, and that delays will occur.
(Confidential.)
Enclosure 3 in No. 1.
Government of Burmah to Government of India.
Maymyo, October 17, 1910. WITH reference to my official letter dated the 17th October, 1910, relating to Mr. Hertz's proposed expedition into the unadministered area on the north-east of the Myitkyina district, I am desired to send you copies of the demi-official letters which have been received from Mr. Rose at Tengyueh.
2. Mr. Rose reports the preparation at Tengyuch of a large-scale map showing the country to the north-west of Tengyueh, including the unadministered territory. He also reports that our intention to send an expedition into that territory is known to the Chinese at Tengyueh. Mr. Rose thinks that the tantai is likely to make an official tour into the unadministered tract, but that troops will probably not be sent except such as are required for the taotai's personal escort. In a private letter to Mr. Hertz, Mr. Rose recently wrote that-
"If we intend to sit down, the Chinese do not, and I hear that the taotai is having a sheaf of maps printed showing the frontier as the 'Nmaikha. Things here are not at all bright; the taotai is more obstructive than his predecessor, probably because he is more clever. I am convinced that the open season will mean great activity from this direction, but I do not anticipate active opposition to us if we send up an expedition. Indeed, it is almost certain that we should not meet it. You will probably meet the taotai, however, and would have to get rid of him by fair means or foul."
The lieutenant-governor hopes that Mr. Rose's anticipation will be realised, and he thinks that, if we make a substantial show of force, the Chinese are not likely to interfere with us. But, in view of Captain Pritchard's recent report, his honour hopes that the latest proposals for strengthening Mr. Hertz's escort will meet with approval.
3. The boundary pillar mentioned in Mr. Rose's letter of the 1st October formed the subject of my official letter dated the 14th June, 1910.
Enclosure 4 in No. 1.
Acting Consul Rose to Government of Burmah.
Tengyueh, September 15, 1910.
ONE of my men wandered into the local printing office yesterday and found them printing a hundred copies of a very large-scale map, about 5 feet square, showing the country to the north-west of the Tengyueh district and the unadministered territory. They tell me that the 'Nmaikha River was shown as the frontier, and that all Lung-pang group of villages and the Maru country to the north was on the Chinese side. The map was sent to the office by the taotai. I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the statements, as the Chinese are rather muddle-headed about maps, but my man
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